. Collected reprints, Essa Institute for Oceanography. Oceanography Reprinted from ESSA WORLD October, 1966 'Our Lasi BY DR. HARRIS B. STEWART, JR. Acting Director Institute of Oceanography. ...this is th How DO TURTLES NAVIGATE? Do they follow Certain cur- rents? Or do they have a special sense for the direction of sea winds, the movements of the sun and stars, the temperature changes between salt water and air? These are among the many challenging questions that oceanographers must answer if the sea and its depths are ever to be under- stood. Take, for example, the case of smal
. Collected reprints, Essa Institute for Oceanography. Oceanography Reprinted from ESSA WORLD October, 1966 'Our Lasi BY DR. HARRIS B. STEWART, JR. Acting Director Institute of Oceanography. ...this is th How DO TURTLES NAVIGATE? Do they follow Certain cur- rents? Or do they have a special sense for the direction of sea winds, the movements of the sun and stars, the temperature changes between salt water and air? These are among the many challenging questions that oceanographers must answer if the sea and its depths are ever to be under- stood. Take, for example, the case of small green sea turtles which apparently can navigate thousands of miles over the open ocean with fantastic accuracy. In one experiment, 206 baby green turtles were tagged at Ascension Island in the South Atlantic off the coast of West Africa. All of the turtles left their island home in 1960. Some of them were later discovered on the beaches of Brazil. By 1963, a number of them had returned to Ascension Island, only to disappear again for Brazil. In 1964, after apparently two round trips to Brazil, all but one of the green turtles were found back on Ascension Island at exactly the same site on the beach where they had been tagged! The missing one was found on an adjacent beach that had been created by the action of waves. In ESSA-, the Institute for Oceanography deals with the special problems, the characteristic processes, of the oceans. Of all the environmental sciences, oceanography can perhaps be most ideally integrated into the ESSA concept of a total program dealing with a single, interacting composite en- vironment. The Institute for Oceanography pursues a research program concerned with describing and, especially, under- standing and predicting the nature and behavior of the oceanic environment. The science of oceanography had its beginnings when chemists began to analyze sea water samples; when geologists extended their studies beyond the continental margins and began to
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