The encyclopædia britannica; a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information . Whenmost active, Halemaumau affords a grand spectacle, especially atnight: across the crust run glowing cracks, the crust is then brokeninto cakes, the cakes plunge beneath, lakes of liquid lava are formed,over whose surface play fire-fountains 10 to 50 ft. in height, thesurface again solidifies and the process is repeated. According toan account of the natives, a violent eruption of Kilauea occurred in1789, or about that time, and deposits of volcanic sand, large stones,sponge-like scoria (pumice
The encyclopædia britannica; a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information . Whenmost active, Halemaumau affords a grand spectacle, especially atnight: across the crust run glowing cracks, the crust is then brokeninto cakes, the cakes plunge beneath, lakes of liquid lava are formed,over whose surface play fire-fountains 10 to 50 ft. in height, thesurface again solidifies and the process is repeated. According toan account of the natives, a violent eruption of Kilauea occurred in1789, or about that time, and deposits of volcanic sand, large stones,sponge-like scoria (pumice) and ashes for miles around are evidenceof such an eruption. Since the Rev. William Ellis and a party ofAmerican missionaries first made the volcano known to the civilized Among the minor phenomena of Hawaiian volcanoes are thedelicate glassy fibres called Peles hair by the Hawaiians, which arespun by the wind from the rising and falling drops of liquid lava,and blown over the edge or into the crevices of the crater. Pele inidolatrous times was the drca<k-d goddess of Kilauea. 84 HAWAII. world in 1823, the eruptions have consisted mainly in the quietdischarge of la%a through a subterranean passage into the sea. Inthe eruptions of 1823, 1832, 1840 and 1868 the floor of the craterrose on the eve of an eruption and then sank, sometimes hundredsof feet, with the discharge of lava; but since 1868 (in 1879, 1886,iSgi, 1894 and 1907; and once, before 1868, in 1855) this actionhas been confined to Halemaumau and such other pits as at the timeexisted. Mokuaweoweo, on the flat top of Mauna Loa, is a pit crater witha floor 3-7 sq. m. in area and sunk 500-600 ft. within walls thatare almost vertical and that measure 9-47 m. in , on the eve of a great eruption of Mauna Loa, this crateroften spouted forth great columns of flame and emitted clouds ofvapour, but in modern times this action has usually been followedby a fracture of the mountain side from the summit do
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectencyclo, bookyear1910
