. Coast watch. Marine resources; Oceanography; Coastal zone management; Coastal ecology. LEGAL TIDES By the late 1980s, attention turned to pollution that enters our waters from more diffuse sources like storm water, snowmelt or atmospheric deposition. In 1987, the CWA was expanded to address nonpoint sources (NPS). These sources remain the focus of today's efforts to protect water quality. In 1990 EPA established Phase I of its storm water management program to address runoff from "medium" to "large" municipal storm water systems serving populations of 100,000 or greater.
. Coast watch. Marine resources; Oceanography; Coastal zone management; Coastal ecology. LEGAL TIDES By the late 1980s, attention turned to pollution that enters our waters from more diffuse sources like storm water, snowmelt or atmospheric deposition. In 1987, the CWA was expanded to address nonpoint sources (NPS). These sources remain the focus of today's efforts to protect water quality. In 1990 EPA established Phase I of its storm water management program to address runoff from "medium" to "large" municipal storm water systems serving populations of 100,000 or greater. It also targets construction activity disturbing five or more acres of land and several categories of industrial activity. STATE FLEXIBILITY While the Phase II Storm Water Program is a federal mandate, states have the flexibility to adopt rules to address their particular circumstances, says Greg Jennings, a member of the Environmental Management Commission and assistant director of the North Carolina Water Resources Research Institute (WRRI). The state has been operating under a temporary rule since 2002, so local govern- ments and major developers know they will be affected by the permanent rule, Jennings says. Communities and private companies covered under the program must apply for NPDES permits that identify pollution sources and show remedies. "Roads, ditches and storm drains that collect storm water are considered potential discharge sources that local municipalities will have to address," Jennings explains. Developers of new residential communi- ties and commercial sites must show how they will manage and treat storm water on site. Shopping center parking lots can't drain directly into a watershed. And, erosion must be contained on construction sites to prevent the flow of sediment in its storm water discharge. In short, communities and developers will be required to employ best management practices (BMPs) as a systems approach to pollution prevention. &
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