. The 20th century toolsmith and steelworker; a complete, practical, and scientific book. Fig. 78. Top and bottom swage for making mallet head tools. Punching Teeth in Stone Cutters Tools. There are different kinds of punch machines used inperforming this work, which are operated by an up-right, side or foot lever, and all will do good work asa rule if the punch and die are made properly. The 142 THE TWISNTHSTH CENTURY correct shape of these tools are shown in Fig. 79, whichillustrates both die and punch made with a bevel. Thisstyle of punch and die will punch the teeth very easyand the punch
. The 20th century toolsmith and steelworker; a complete, practical, and scientific book. Fig. 78. Top and bottom swage for making mallet head tools. Punching Teeth in Stone Cutters Tools. There are different kinds of punch machines used inperforming this work, which are operated by an up-right, side or foot lever, and all will do good work asa rule if the punch and die are made properly. The 142 THE TWISNTHSTH CENTURY correct shape of these tools are shown in Fig. 79, whichillustrates both die and punch made with a bevel. Thisstyle of punch and die will punch the teeth very easyand the punch will not break so easy and will keepthe chisel straight when punching in the teeth. Theopening in the die at a should be a little larger onthe under side^ which will act as clearance. Thecutting edge of the punch should fit the opening veryclosely, it being a little thinner back from the cuttingedge in order that it will move up and down throughthe opening in the die with ease. The beveled cut- D. Fig. 79. Punch and die for teeth punching machines. ting edge of the punch allows it to punch the teeth bya gradual cut, and which works much easier than if itwas made with a perfectly straight cutting edge. The teeth will punch best when the steel is just alittle warm. When punching be careful to hold thechisel perfectly level on the beveled surface of the die,otherwise the chisel will bend. In cases where theteeth bend after punching, do not undertake tostraighten again when cold, as that will take out allthe toughness and tenacity from the steel (that wasput in the steel when hammering at a low heat) andthe chisel or the teeth will break very easy when in TOOLSMITH AND STEELWORKER 143 u«e, but when straightening after being punched heatthe chisel to a low heat. Harden the punch as any ordinary flat tool and drawthe temper to a dark blue. To harden the die heatthe whole tool evenly enough to harden, then cool offentirely, afterwards drawing the temper over the fireor on a piece of
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