Famous and decisive battles of the world; . h the small share he received in the distribution of provinces,ventured to make war on Octavius, and was easily Antony made a terrible failure of the war with the Par-thians, and exasperated Rome by hurrying back to his Egyptianmistress, and deserting his noble-born wife, Octavia. Openrupture was announced between Octavius and himself. Antonywas denounced as an enemy to the commonwealth, and thebetrayal of his will to Octavius enabled the latter to convincethe Senate and the people that, aided by the powerful navy ofCleopatra, the ren
Famous and decisive battles of the world; . h the small share he received in the distribution of provinces,ventured to make war on Octavius, and was easily Antony made a terrible failure of the war with the Par-thians, and exasperated Rome by hurrying back to his Egyptianmistress, and deserting his noble-born wife, Octavia. Openrupture was announced between Octavius and himself. Antonywas denounced as an enemy to the commonwealth, and thebetrayal of his will to Octavius enabled the latter to convincethe Senate and the people that, aided by the powerful navy ofCleopatra, the renegade imperator proposed to conquerRome, remove the capital to Alexandria, and make his enchant-ress mistress of the world. The war that instantly broke outwas short and sharp, terminated by the great naval battle of Ac-tium on September 2d, 31 B. C. Antony and Cleopatra fled indisgrace, speedily dying self-inflicted deaths; and Octavius wasleft sole ruler of Rome and all that was Roman. Founder ofthe empire, he now became Augustus CHALONS. 451 A. D. HE Christian era opened with a terrible hu-miliation for Rome. Oppressed and bur-dened beyond endurance, the Germans roseagainst her, and in a most bloody and de-cisive battle the legions of Varus were com-pletely annihilated by the hordes of Ar-minius, in the thick forests still known asthe Teutobergerwald. The Romans weresurrounded and slowly slaughtered, and, froma military standpoint, the battle can only bedescribed as a massacre. In the year 43 Rome began the conquest of Britain, and atthe same time kept up her vast armies in Asia, destroying Jeru-salem in 70, and then, while Trajan was emperor, extending herconquests away beyond the Euphrates. A century later shefought a long and desperate war against the Germans, finallysubduing them. In the year 250 her provinces were invaded bythe Goths, and civil and foreign wars were incessantly sappingher strength. The first Christian emperor, Constantine, re-united the empire
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