. Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean . jon.—Oak openings —Indian reservation.—Cultivation of the soil by Indians.—Grapes.—Climate of the tejon valley. We reached Ocoya, or Pose creek, on the 8th of August; it was then almost dry, and watercould he found only in deep and shaded holes of its channel. The low hanks and bottom-landwere timbered with a dense growth of cottonwoods and willows, and considerable grass wasfound along its borders. The green strip of vegetation showed o
. Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean . jon.—Oak openings —Indian reservation.—Cultivation of the soil by Indians.—Grapes.—Climate of the tejon valley. We reached Ocoya, or Pose creek, on the 8th of August; it was then almost dry, and watercould he found only in deep and shaded holes of its channel. The low hanks and bottom-landwere timbered with a dense growth of cottonwoods and willows, and considerable grass wasfound along its borders. The green strip of vegetation showed out in strange contrast to tbebarren and parched surface of the surrounding hills, which were without trees or any greenvegetation. This absence of trees permitted all the outlines to be seen, and they were all finely curvedand rounded by the action of the weather. The soil upon their surfaces looks very light, andis nearly white. They appear to be composed of sand and sandy clay, regularly stratified, andalternating with strata of gravel and coarse sand. Pumice-stone, also, occurs in layers, and insome places forms a large part of the DEPOT CAMP, OCOYA CREEK. Our camping place being selected on a narrow plain near groves ol willows and cottonwoods,preparations were made for remaining two or three weeks, while a preliminary reconnaissance FOSSILS—TULARE VALLEY—COAST MOUNTAINS. 33 was made in the mountains in the region of Walkers Pass. During the absence of this partyI remained in camp, and had a fine opportunity to examine the geology of the August 9.—Found a thick bed of the relics of shells in one of the hills on the left bank of thecreek. They are marine fossils and the lime has nearly all been removed, but perfect castsremain in the sand and clay, it being firmly cemented by peroxide of iron. Collected numerousspecimens. August 10 and 11.—Engaged upon the locality of fossils and procured fine specimens. Inanother stratum, higher up in t
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