. The historians' history of the world; a comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages: . cupied by the con-querors. On the tidings of this defeat reaching the Turkish headquartersat Sofia, the sultan, in alarm, retreated within the mountain range of theBalkan to the city of Philippopolis. Before the close of the year 1689 Peter-wardein and Temesvar were all that the Ottomans retained of their late exten-sive provinces north of the Danube; while even to the south of that river thebest portions of Bosnia and Ser
. The historians' history of the world; a comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages: . cupied by the con-querors. On the tidings of this defeat reaching the Turkish headquartersat Sofia, the sultan, in alarm, retreated within the mountain range of theBalkan to the city of Philippopolis. Before the close of the year 1689 Peter-wardein and Temesvar were all that the Ottomans retained of their late exten-sive provinces north of the Danube; while even to the south of that river thebest portions of Bosnia and Servia were occupied by the victorious Austrians. In the southern parts of European Turkey the fortune of the war wasequally unfavourable to Sultan Sulehnan. Morosini, one of the greatest gen-erals that the republic of St. Mark ever produced, completed the conquest ofthe Morea, which he divided into four Venetian provinces. It was only againstthe Poles and the Russians that the Turks and their Tatar allies obtainetl anyadvantages. A lurge Tatar force from the Crimea, led by Ahmed Girai, over-ran part of Poland in 1688, reinforced the Tatar garrison in Kamenets-Podolski,. Costume of the Wife of Suleiman II 396 THE HISTORY OF THE TURKISH EMPIRE [1688-1089 ] and defeated the Poles on the Sereth. The Russian general Galitzin attempt-ed to invade the Crimea. He obtained some advantages over part of the Tatarforces, but when he advanced towards the isthmus of Perekop, in tlie autumnof 1688, he found that the retreating Tatars had set hre to the tlry grass of thesteppes, and reduced the country to a desert, from which he was obliged toretire. And in 1689, when the Russians again advanced to the isthmus, theywere completely defeated by the Ottoman troops that had taken post there toguard the Crimea. But these gleams of success could not dissipate the terror which the disastersin Hungary and Greece had spread among the Turkish nation. Only sevenyears had ])assed away since their magnif
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