. Radiography and radio-therapeutics . he copper is heated it may be removed and a J .. •,„ „„ ^.1,^ second one introduced. By changing these during conductive capacity tJian tne ^^ , the tube can be kept comparatively light anode, and will in con- cool tor long periods, the vacuum of the tube ^ , T T_ J. liein? thereby maintained at a constant degree of sequence stand a much greater ,,.^,.jf,jes^ degree of heating, a higher current. There is also a proportionately large reserve of gas in these armatures, and, miless grossly over-rmi, such tubes do not become red-hot, and ar
. Radiography and radio-therapeutics . he copper is heated it may be removed and a J .. •,„ „„ ^.1,^ second one introduced. By changing these during conductive capacity tJian tne ^^ , the tube can be kept comparatively light anode, and will in con- cool tor long periods, the vacuum of the tube ^ , T T_ J. liein? thereby maintained at a constant degree of sequence stand a much greater ,,.^,.jf,jes^ degree of heating, a higher current. There is also a proportionately large reserve of gas in these armatures, and, miless grossly over-rmi, such tubes do not become red-hot, and are therefore much more constant in vacuum. As the weight of metal in the anti-cathode is mcreased, so (other condi-tions being equal) the capacity of the tube to withstand a high current isincreased also. Occasionally, the metal sleeve of the anti-cathode is greatlyextended, and is carried directly to the exterior of the tube, terminatingsometimes in a radiating device in order to discharge the heat as expeditiouslyas 58 RADIOGRAPHY As the difficulties which arise when using heavy currents for X-ray-work are ahnost wholly concerned with such heating, several other methodshave been adopted in order to deal with it in an efficient manner. One isthe system on which the Cyclop tube is worked. The other is that employedin water-cooled models. These are described at some length. Water-cooled Tubes.—The general use of X-ray tubes cooled by means of water was, for all prac-tical purposes, commenced by thecontinental radiographers. The original water-cooled tubeis designed mainly on the Huessuggested by Professor is arranged in the followingmanner : In place of the usualheavy metal anti-cathode, a sohdplatinum vessel is provided, andon to the bottom surface of thisis fixed a metal plate which is inturn faced with platinum. Theupper or open end of the vesselis sealed on to a glass sieve, whichis in turn attached to the wallof the tube, and which is ex-panded
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