. The changing Illinois environment : critical trends : technical report of the Critical Trends Assessment Project. Man; Pollution; Environmental protection; Ecology; Environmental impact analysis. WETLANDS understory is typically open, and the ground cover is sometimes dominated by nettles. Rotting logs and woody debris deposited by floodwaters are abundant. Typical trees of Midwestern floodplain forests are silver maple, cottonwood, green ash, hackberry, and sycamore. Several oak species can be found on terraces bordering floodplains. The soils that support these forests are usually mineral.
. The changing Illinois environment : critical trends : technical report of the Critical Trends Assessment Project. Man; Pollution; Environmental protection; Ecology; Environmental impact analysis. WETLANDS understory is typically open, and the ground cover is sometimes dominated by nettles. Rotting logs and woody debris deposited by floodwaters are abundant. Typical trees of Midwestern floodplain forests are silver maple, cottonwood, green ash, hackberry, and sycamore. Several oak species can be found on terraces bordering floodplains. The soils that support these forests are usually mineral. Bottomland forest, representing of the wetlands in Illinois, is the largest single category of the existing wetland habitat in the state. In the mid-1980s, there were 758,693 acres (307,163 ha) (650,621 natural acres; 263,409 ha) of bottomland forests in Illinois. Concentrations of bottomland forests are found along the Illinois, Kaskaskia, Big Muddy, Cache, Little Wabash, and Mississippi rivers; much of this resource is located in the southern third of the state (Figure 7). Emergent Wetlands. Emergent wetlands are dominated by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytic vegetation—for example, sedges, grasses, and numerous species of forbs. Emergent wetlands are most prevalent in northeast Illinois (Figure 8). Vegetation may remain visible throughout the year or die back in the nongrowing season. Examples include sedge meadows dominated by tussock sedge, wet prairie dominated by cord grass, and marshes. Water depth in marshes ranges from zero (saturated soil) to feet (2 m) by NWI definition. In Midwestern marshes, both floating-leaf plants (, water lily) and submerged aquatic plants (, pond- weed) are frequently associated with cattails, an emer- gent species. The soils that underlie marshes are some- times mineral but are often covered by muck (organic sediment). Marshes are highly productive habitats in which hundreds of species of birds, insects, and other wi
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