Oryza sativa, commonly known as Asian rice or indica rice, is the plant species most commonly referred to in English as rice. It is the type of farmed rice whose cultivars are most common globally, and was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago. As a cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's human population, rice is the most important food crop with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake,The traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields.

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