. The changing Illinois environment : critical trends : technical report of the Critical Trends Assessment Project. Man; Pollution; Environmental protection; Ecology; Environmental impact analysis. Figure 7. Distribution of forested wetlands by quadrangle (1980-1987). Source: Suloway etal. 1992. Figure8. Distribution of emergent wetlands by quadrangle (1980-1987). Source: Suloway et al. 1992. (where standing water is present, or the soil is satu- rated, on a semipermanent to permanent basis during the growing season) (Table 2). Shallow marshes and wet meadows were once co
. The changing Illinois environment : critical trends : technical report of the Critical Trends Assessment Project. Man; Pollution; Environmental protection; Ecology; Environmental impact analysis. Figure 7. Distribution of forested wetlands by quadrangle (1980-1987). Source: Suloway etal. 1992. Figure8. Distribution of emergent wetlands by quadrangle (1980-1987). Source: Suloway et al. 1992. (where standing water is present, or the soil is satu- rated, on a semipermanent to permanent basis during the growing season) (Table 2). Shallow marshes and wet meadows were once common in the state. They are often part of larger wetland complexes, such as the edge of ponds and lakes. The IWI identified 162,913 acres (65,957 ha) (146,873 natural acres; 59,463 ha) of shallow marshes and wet meadow, which represent 81% of emergent wetlands and 13% of all wetland acreage (Table 3). This habitat type has had 44% of its acreage affected by drainage and farming. The largest distribution of this wetland type is in northeastern Illinois, with smaller areas of concentration scattered throughout the state. In the 1980s, 3% of the state's wetland acreage was deep marsh habitat. There were 38,708 acres (15,671 ha) (25,305 natural acres; 10,245 ha) of this habitat in Illinois (Table 3). The largest concentration of deep marsh occurs in northeastern Illinois, with small areas of concentration at the mouth of the Sangamon River and at Carlylc Lake (Figure 8). Open Water Wetlands. Small and shallow [area < 20 acres ( ha) and depth < ft (2 m)] open water areas are classified as open water wetlands in the IWI. Natural ponds, farm ponds, borrow pits, small reser- voirs, and open water areas that occur within a marsh or swamp are included in this category. Ponds are classified as wetlands because they support typical moist-soil and water-loving plants. In addition, they are often surrounded by marshes or wet forests. Soils may be organic or mineral. Typical plan
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