. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. LEGUMINOSAE 319 covering only the claws of the carina, and serving as nectar-covers, by which lateral access is prevented or at least rendered difficult The platform for insect visitors is therefore constituted by the carina alone. As the result of its own elasticity, this returns to its original position on the conclusion of a visit. The stigma projects beyond the anthers, so that cross-pollination is ensured should such visits take place. Automatic self-po
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. LEGUMINOSAE 319 covering only the claws of the carina, and serving as nectar-covers, by which lateral access is prevented or at least rendered difficult The platform for insect visitors is therefore constituted by the carina alone. As the result of its own elasticity, this returns to its original position on the conclusion of a visit. The stigma projects beyond the anthers, so that cross-pollination is ensured should such visits take place. Automatic self-pollination is excluded, especially as the style becomes more and more erect as anthesis progresses, and ultimately projects i-i^ mm. from the carinal cleft. Since the calyx-tube is only 2-3 mm. long, the nectar and pollen are accessible, even to the shortest-tongued bees. Schulz noticed flowers perforated by humble-bees in Central Germany. Visitors.—Herm. Miiller says that the honey-bee (skg. and po-cltg.) is by far the most frequent guest, paying at least nine-tenths of all the visits. I myself noticed it in great num- bers in Mecklenburg. Herm. Miiller also re- cords the following.— A. Hymenoptera. Apidae : i. Anthidium manicatum L. 5, skg. and po-cltg., S, skg.; 2. An- drena labialis K., do.; 3. A. nigroaenea K. S; 4. Apis mellifica Z. 5, skg.; 5. Bombus agrorum F. 5 and 5, skg. and po-cltg.; 6. B. confusus Schenck 5, do.; 7. B. muscorum F. 5, do.; 8. B. pratorum L. 5 and 5. do.; 9. B. scrimshiranus K. 5, do.; I o. B. sylvarum L. 5, do.; 11. B. terrester L. 5, do.; 12. Chalicodoma muraria F. 5, do. (Thuring^a); 13. Coelioxys conoidea ///. 5, skg.; 14. C. umbrina Sm. t, in large numbers, skg.; 15. Eucera longicornis Z. 5 and J, skg. and po-cltg.; 16. Halictus albipes F. 5, do.; 17. H. fiavipes F. 5, do.; 18. H. lugubris ^. 5; 19. Mega- chile argentata F. J, skg.; 20. M. centuncularis Z. S, do.; 21. M. circum- cincta X. 5, skg. and po-cltg.; 22. M. fasciata Sm. S, skg.; 23.
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