. Elements of modern chemistry . indicate the composition of com-pound bodies by their names. Among such compounds themost numerous and the most important are those containingoxygen. They are binary or ternary; that is, the oxygen inthem is combined with one or two other elements. Binary Oxygen Compounds.—We will first consider themore simple oxidized bodies, those which result from the com-bination of oxygen with but one other element, metallic ornon-metallic. These compounds are called oxides, and differas the element associated with the oxygen is metallic or non-metallic. In combining with
. Elements of modern chemistry . indicate the composition of com-pound bodies by their names. Among such compounds themost numerous and the most important are those containingoxygen. They are binary or ternary; that is, the oxygen inthem is combined with one or two other elements. Binary Oxygen Compounds.—We will first consider themore simple oxidized bodies, those which result from the com-bination of oxygen with but one other element, metallic ornon-metallic. These compounds are called oxides, and differas the element associated with the oxygen is metallic or non-metallic. In combining with non-metallic elements, oxygengenerally forms compounds which are the anhydrides of acids,that is, compounds capable of uniting with water to formacids ; with the metals it forms metallic oxides. Experiments.—1. A small piece of phosphorus is placed ina capsule floating on the surface of mercury. It is ignitedand the capsule covered with a bell-jar (Fig. 8). The phos-phorus burns, giving off a thick smoke, which condenses in. white flakes on the sides of the bell-jar. This substance re-sults from the combination of the phosphorus with the oxygenof the air : it is ijliospJiorits jpentoxide, orpliosphoric anhydride. CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE AND NOTATION. 41 2. If lead be heated in the air and maintained for sometime in a state of fusion, its brilliant surface becomes tarnishedand covered with grayish particles, which are finally convertedinto a yellow powder. This body is formed by the combina-tion of the lead with oxygen: it is plumbic oxide^ or oxide oflead. But, as we have seen, such combination can take place indifierent proportions. An atom of a body may unite with1, 2, 3, or more atoms of oxygen, and the names of the com-pounds so formed should indicate the degree of oxidation. Sulphur forms two compounds with oxygen: one contains 2atoms of oxygen to 1 atom of sulphur; the other, 3 atoms ofoxygen to 1 of sulphur. They are designated by the namessulphuro^fs oxide, or anhydri
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