. The art of landscape gardening. ground that is foreshortened; and everyobject which rises higher than five feet (/. e. the heightof his eye), will present itself above his horizon if theslope is exactly an inclined plane or hanging level;but as the shape of ground here delineated more fre-quently occurs, he will actually see the sky, and conse-quently the utmost pitch of the hill beneath the bodyof the animal placed at b and part of the thorn at cbecome invisible. This accounts for the highest mountains losing theirimportance when seen only from the base; while, onthe contrary, a plain or le
. The art of landscape gardening. ground that is foreshortened; and everyobject which rises higher than five feet (/. e. the heightof his eye), will present itself above his horizon if theslope is exactly an inclined plane or hanging level;but as the shape of ground here delineated more fre-quently occurs, he will actually see the sky, and conse-quently the utmost pitch of the hill beneath the bodyof the animal placed at b and part of the thorn at cbecome invisible. This accounts for the highest mountains losing theirimportance when seen only from the base; while, onthe contrary, a plain or level surface (for instance thesea) appears to rise considerably when viewed from aneminence. Let us suppose another spectator to be placedat D; it is evident that this person will see no ground Theory and Practice 87 foreshortened but that below him, while the oppositehill will appear to him far above the head of the manat A, and above the cow at b. In the section, the dottedlines are the respective horizons of the two tig. 10. and the sketches shew the landscape seen by each, inwhich the forked tree may serve as a scale to measurethe height of each horizon. The reflections of objects in water are no less depend-ent on the laws of perspective, or of vision, than theinstances already enumerated. If the water be raised to the level of the groundbeyond it, we lose all advantage of reflection from thedistant ground or trees : this is the case with pieces ofwater near the house in many places, for all ponds onhigh ground present a constant glare of light from thesky ; but the trees beyond can never be reflected on thesurface, because the angle of incidence and the angle ofreflection are always equal, and the surface of the waterwill always be a perfect horizontal plane. This I shallfarther explain by the following lines [Fig. 11]. The spectator at a, in looking ^on the upper water,will see only sky, because the angle of incident, b, andthat of reflection, c, being equal,
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