. Modern surgery, general and operative. esented by the Rontgenologist must be carefully co-related with the history and other clinical evidence. Diverticuli of the duodenum are recognized by a pouching effect extendingoutward from the walls of the duodenum. The Rontgcn Rays in Diagnosis 1615 Adhesions of the duodenum can at limes be recognized by Lheir effect uponthe stomach or (kiodenum in drawing them definitely out of place or in someinstances by causing deformity in its outline. The small bowel presents little Rontgenological evidence, and only in casesof obstruction or definite fixations


. Modern surgery, general and operative. esented by the Rontgenologist must be carefully co-related with the history and other clinical evidence. Diverticuli of the duodenum are recognized by a pouching effect extendingoutward from the walls of the duodenum. The Rontgcn Rays in Diagnosis 1615 Adhesions of the duodenum can at limes be recognized by Lheir effect uponthe stomach or (kiodenum in drawing them definitely out of place or in someinstances by causing deformity in its outline. The small bowel presents little Rontgenological evidence, and only in casesof obstruction or definite fixations can any thing abnormal be can at times be recognized by the distention with gas above thepoint of obstruction. The A ppendix.—Unless the appendix be obUterated by exudate, it can usuallybe visualized by means of the opaque barium buttermilk meal. It is demon-strable best at the end of eight or twenty-four hours, but at times it can be seenfor days, weeks, or even months after the Ijarium meal has been given. An. Fig. 1110.—Normal stomach. Dilatedduodenum. Adhesions drawing the duo-denum upward and to the right. Gall-stonesshowing between the duodenum and theliver (Pfahler). Fig. nil.—Extensive carcinoma of thestomach, indicated by the filling defectsand the general serrated edges (Pfahler). acute appendicitis seldom demands an a;-ray examination, and little or no evi-dence can be found in acute appendicitis aside from filling the colon and deter-mining the point of localized tenderness and its relation to the bowel or otherorgans. In chronic appendicitis, the symptoms are often very obscure and veryoften point more strongly to the stomach than to the appendix. In these cases,the -T-ray study is of most importance, and the evidence of chronic appen-dicitis is indicated by marked localized tenderness over the appendix. Theappendix is only partially patulous. It is likely to be fixed. It may be dis-torted, or may be located retrocecally. It is often f


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