. The Principles and practice of gynecology : for students and practitioners. , as if for introduction; Z, cotton wound onstick for removing fluid from bladder. The examination is conducted on the same principles as in thedorsal position. Examination in this position requires the end of thecystoscope to be cut off obliquely, instead of transversely. DIAGyOSIS. 81 The Electrical Cystoscope.—This iiistriinient was invented l\v Loiter,of Xiriiiia, aiul later iiiijtiovecl l)y (aspcr. jMitli the Inciter and Cas-per instnuuents earried the electric light ray into the bladder hy meansof refracting pr
. The Principles and practice of gynecology : for students and practitioners. , as if for introduction; Z, cotton wound onstick for removing fluid from bladder. The examination is conducted on the same principles as in thedorsal position. Examination in this position requires the end of thecystoscope to be cut off obliquely, instead of transversely. DIAGyOSIS. 81 The Electrical Cystoscope.—This iiistriinient was invented l\v Loiter,of Xiriiiia, aiul later iiiijtiovecl l)y (aspcr. jMitli the Inciter and Cas-per instnuuents earried the electric light ray into the bladder hy meansof refracting prisms at the external end of the tube. In 1876 Nitzeplaced the vacuum light at the inner extremity of the tube in sucha manner as to give direct illuinination and to transmit to the eyetlirough a series of lenses an exai-t picture of the bladder mucosa mag-nitied. Tn all these instruments the electric current is furnished by abattery from which insulated conductors pass through the tube to andfrom the lamp. This instrument is used with the bladder filled with ; The syringe is represented here in hard rubber. An instrument with metallic liarn i piston is preferable because it permits frequent disinfection by boilinar, and becauseboilins injures the rubber instrument. A, filling of bladder with water,preparatory to cystos-copy, by means of syrinsre, to which glass catheter is attached by rubber tube; B, conipletesyringe ; , glass catheter ; , rubber tube. water and with the patient in the ordinary dorsal position. Four con-ditions are essential to the use of the electrical cystoscope : 1. Permeability of the nrethra—5 mm.—sufficient to permit theready passage of the instrument. 2. The ciipacity of the bladder must be sufficient to hold not lessthan 100 of injected fluid. 3. The sphincter vesicae must have the power to retain the injectedfluid. 4. The injected fluid must remain transparent, and not becomeclouded bv admixture of blood or muc
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectgynecology, bookyear1
