. Botany for young people and common schools. How plants grow, a simple introduction to structural botany. With a popular flora, or an arrangement and description of common plants, both wild and cultivated. Botany. MODE OF LIFE IN PERENNIALS. 29 leaves and in tlie short stem or stalk. These accordingly become thick and nutii- tious in the Cabbage, just as the root does in the Turnip, or the base of the short stem alone in Kohlrabi, or even the llower-stalks in the Cauliflower; all of which belonGT to the same family, and exhibit merely different ways of accom- plishing the same result. 73. Per
. Botany for young people and common schools. How plants grow, a simple introduction to structural botany. With a popular flora, or an arrangement and description of common plants, both wild and cultivated. Botany. MODE OF LIFE IN PERENNIALS. 29 leaves and in tlie short stem or stalk. These accordingly become thick and nutii- tious in the Cabbage, just as the root does in the Turnip, or the base of the short stem alone in Kohlrabi, or even the llower-stalks in the Cauliflower; all of which belonGT to the same family, and exhibit merely different ways of accom- plishing the same result. 73. Perennials are plants which live on year after year. Shrubs and trees are of course perennial. So are many herbs; but in these only a portion gener- ally survives. Most of our perennial herbs die down to the ground before winter; in many species all but certain separate portions under ground die at the close of the year; but some parts of the stem con- taining buds are always kept alive to renew the jrrowth for the next season. And a stock of nour- ishment to l)egin the new growth with is also pro- vided. Sometimes this stock is laid up in the roots, as for instance in the Peony, the Dahlia (Fig. 58), and the Sweet Potato. Here some thick roots, filled. 58 Dalilia-roots. with food made by last year's vegetation, nourish in spring the buds on the base of the stem just above (a, «), enabling them to send up stout leafy stems, and send down new roots, in some of which a new stock of food is laid up during summer for tlie next spring, Avhile the exhausted old ones die off; and so on, from year to year. 74. Sometimes this stock of food is laid up in par- ticular portions of branches of tlie stem itself, formed under ground, and which contain the buds ; as in the Ground Artichoke and the Potato. Here these parts, with their buds, or eyes, are all that live over winter. These thickened ends of stems are called Tubers, In Fiir. oO, a is a tuber of last A-ear, now exhausted and. Please no
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