. Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania, vol. 13. Botany; Botany. 1006 Journal of Agricultural Research Dec. 1, ia35 Root Development of Pitch Pine 1007 Vol. 51, no. 11 unusual aeration of the water. Further investigation is necessary to determine wlietlier it is the species or the site that is most unique in southern New Jersey. i !•«. Plant roots growing under water often show anatomical differences, particularly in the development of air spaces. Adamson (1) reports the presence of lacunae in both the primary and secondary cort
. Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania, vol. 13. Botany; Botany. 1006 Journal of Agricultural Research Dec. 1, ia35 Root Development of Pitch Pine 1007 Vol. 51, no. 11 unusual aeration of the water. Further investigation is necessary to determine wlietlier it is the species or the site that is most unique in southern New Jersey. i !•«. Plant roots growing under water often show anatomical differences, particularly in the development of air spaces. Adamson (1) reports the presence of lacunae in both the primary and secondary cortex of the submerged roots of Terminalia arjuna. However, no air spaces, nor marked looseness of the cortical cells, can be discerned in the submerged roots of pitch pine. Hesselman (11) mentions that neither pine nor spruce roots develop special air passages when submerged. Bondois, in a paper dealing with anatomical features of the roots of mesic trees grown in water (2), noted that spruce (the only conifer studied) did not develop cortical air spaces, though this did occur in several hardwood species. ROOT DEVELOPMENT ON HEAVIER SOILS Conditions did not permit extensive comparative studies of Pinus rigida on widely different soil types, though such studies are much to l)e desired. Some observations and partial excavations of root sys- tems were made near Mont Alto, Pa., where pitch pine grows on the higher ridges in the mountains. The soils are raw, podsolized, stony, and high in clay. They are rendered so sticky and compact by the clay that spading is almost impossible without preliminary loosening with a pick. These soils offer far greater physical resistance to root penetration than do the sands of the Coastal Plain and in all prob- abiUty retard root elongation irrespective of other factors. Two small trees, 11 and 14 feet tall, were examined. The following differences, in comparison with New Jersey specimens, were noted: (1) Vertical roots were generally weaker in bot
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