The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . mains to consumers, thoughits easy liquefaction makes it so suitable for household usethat it may eventually kill off the coal-gas industry alto-gether. OIL-WELLS AND THEIR PRODUCTS. Methods employed in obtaining Petroleum, and in refining anddividing Crude Oil into the Oils of Commerce. Petroleum will always be an interesting fluid, thespeculative element that attends its search giving it some-thing of the same enchantment that leads men to dig forgold. The first Pennsylvania oil-well
The wonders of modern mechanismA résumé of recent progress in mechanical, physical, and engineering science . mains to consumers, thoughits easy liquefaction makes it so suitable for household usethat it may eventually kill off the coal-gas industry alto-gether. OIL-WELLS AND THEIR PRODUCTS. Methods employed in obtaining Petroleum, and in refining anddividing Crude Oil into the Oils of Commerce. Petroleum will always be an interesting fluid, thespeculative element that attends its search giving it some-thing of the same enchantment that leads men to dig forgold. The first Pennsylvania oil-well was sunk in 1859,since which time fields have been discovered in manyparts of the world, and in several of the United has several wells, and promises to be a largefield. In Indiana the Terre Haute Gas Company, in drill-ing for natural gas, struck a good oil-field. Oil is alsofound near Toronto in Canada. When other nations taketo borins: the earth as srenerallv as has been done in NorthAmerica, no doubt the worlds supply will be largelyincreased. 298 WONDERS OF MODERN MECHANISM. Fig. Diagram of a Steel Rig for drilling Oil-Well8.—A, Upright plan. B,Ground plan. 1. Derrick frame. 2. Crowti pulley. 3. Sand-pump pulley. girt. 5. Braces. 6. Ladder. 7. Bailer. 8. Walking-beam. 9. Headachepost. 10. Bull-wheels. 11. Band-wheels. 12. Sand-reel. 13. Ropes connectingwith steam-engine. 14. Top of well. 15. Sand-line. 16. Bull-rope. A great deal has been written about oil-wells, gas-wells,and artesian wells in general, but somehow the averageyoung person has a very indistinct notion of how they aredrilled or operated. Many think the tools used in sinking OIL-WELLS AND THEIR PRODUCTS. 299 resemble big gimlets, that spiral their ^vay into the mar-rows of Mother Earth. This error arises from a miscon-ception of the words bore and drill, which they hearused in this connection. They are not familiar with therock drill, which is, strictly speaking, not a drill
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