. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. Matching cambium in root grafts: (a) One side only; (b) Both sides only; (c) Top only; (d) Bottom only; (e) Perfectly matched. set forth some of the results obtained in propagating trees on the roots of known varieties. The first step in securing trees on known roots is to induce the formation of roots from the stem of the chosen variety. The methods most used in practice are by cuttings and by layers. It is known that apple wood roots from cuttings with the greatest difficulty, and that only certain varieties root readily by the somewhat slow and cumbersome meth
. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. Matching cambium in root grafts: (a) One side only; (b) Both sides only; (c) Top only; (d) Bottom only; (e) Perfectly matched. set forth some of the results obtained in propagating trees on the roots of known varieties. The first step in securing trees on known roots is to induce the formation of roots from the stem of the chosen variety. The methods most used in practice are by cuttings and by layers. It is known that apple wood roots from cuttings with the greatest difficulty, and that only certain varieties root readily by the somewhat slow and cumbersome method of layers. The method of grow- ing trees on Northern Spy roots to se- cure resistance to the woolly aphis may be termed the nurse-root method. In this method a rather long scion is grafted by any appropriate method on a short piece of seedling root, and planted out in the usual way. Roots arise from the Spy scion, and the seed- ling nurse root may be removed, leav- ing the tree on its own roots. Propagation By Cuttings There are few published records of attempts to propagate apple trees by cuttings. Doubtless many have been made and not reported, for the uniform results on record may be described in the single word—failure. Professor F. K. Luke attempted to root apple cut- tings of various sizes and lengths at cutting bed temperatures of 64° and 67°. All failed to strike root. Luke was able to induce root cuttings to grow with fairly good success. Attempts to root apple cuttings were made during the summer of 1912. Green wood cuttings three to four inches long were made in early August and Sep- tember, and set in sand in the green- house. Powdered charcoal was also used as a propagating medium, both alone and as a one-half inch layer over sand, with the hope that it might check disease. Bottom heat in varying de- grees was used in some cases, also an enclosed propagating frame. In short, an effort was made to provide the best possible conditions for cuttings. Some- thing
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