. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. 246 EXPERIMENTAL PHONETICS. In 1858 Leon Scott invented the phonautog-raph seen in tig. 5. In its first form this instrninent gaxe very imperfect tracings, ))ut it is of great interest as being the forerunner of the phonograph. It was much improved by Rudolph Konig, of Paris. Bonders" in 1868. Fig. 5.—Phonantograph of Leon Scott. A, paraboloid resonator, closed at one end by a membrane, to which a light lever is attached. C is a drum c
. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. 246 EXPERIMENTAL PHONETICS. In 1858 Leon Scott invented the phonautog-raph seen in tig. 5. In its first form this instrninent gaxe very imperfect tracings, ))ut it is of great interest as being the forerunner of the phonograph. It was much improved by Rudolph Konig, of Paris. Bonders" in 1868. Fig. 5.—Phonantograph of Leon Scott. A, paraboloid resonator, closed at one end by a membrane, to which a light lever is attached. C is a drum covered with smoked paper on which the lever traces a curve. As C rotates it moves from right to left. was the tirst to use the instrument in the investigation of vowel tone. Then came the logograph of Barlow'' in 1876, which was a membrane furnished with a rigid, but light, lever, having its fulcrum at the edge of the membrane, while the power was applied from the center of the UKMnbrane. This gave more accurate tracings—that is i'lG. 6.—Tracings of the sound b c. Fig. 7.—'VUv sound e b. A £ Flfi. 8.—The sound h c h. to sa}', tracings that indicated with more precision the variations of pressure on the membrane. Examples are given in tigs. 6, 7, and 8. In tig. 6, at a, the membrane is at rest; at b the lever is raised by the sudden emission of the consonant h, and this is succeeded b}' the prolonged vibration of the vowel e. Fig. 7 gives a different picture "Donders: Znr Klaiiijfarbe der Vocale (Ann. der Physik und Cheniie, 1868). ''Barlow: On the Articulation of the Human Voice, as Illustrated by the Logo- firaph (Trans. Roy. See. 1876).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Smithsonian Institution. Board of Regents; United States National Museum. Report of the U. S. National Muse
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