. The Composition of sea-water : comparative and descriptive oceanography. Seawater -- Composition. SECT. 4] THEORY OF FOOD-CHAIN RELATIONS IN THE OCEAN 451 Equation (24) was derived empirically but has the sense that carnivores vary in proportion to the square of the herbivore population. Steele's equations retain the framework of equations (12) to (14) and pre- serve the interdependence of different food-chain levels but in a more tractable form. They are solved numerically by stepwise integration. A sample of the results is shown in Fig. 5. Here seasonal cycles of three food Fig. 5. Si
. The Composition of sea-water : comparative and descriptive oceanography. Seawater -- Composition. SECT. 4] THEORY OF FOOD-CHAIN RELATIONS IN THE OCEAN 451 Equation (24) was derived empirically but has the sense that carnivores vary in proportion to the square of the herbivore population. Steele's equations retain the framework of equations (12) to (14) and pre- serve the interdependence of different food-chain levels but in a more tractable form. They are solved numerically by stepwise integration. A sample of the results is shown in Fig. 5. Here seasonal cycles of three food Fig. 5. Simulated seasonal cycle of phytoplankton, herbivore zooplankton anil phosphate computed by means of equations (22) to (24), using four different values for the mixing coefficient m. chain elements are calculated, using four different values for the mixing co- efficient m, ranging from 5% to interchange of water between the two layers per day. The well known situation of a diatom flowering accompanied by nutrient decrease and followed by zooplankton increase is faithfully de- picted. According to Steele, the tendency to approach a summer steady state by a series of damped oscillations may be a mathematical artifact. Although phosphorus is strongly limiting in summer, the spring flowering is terminated. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Hill, M. N. (Maurice Neville), 1919-. New York : Interscience Pub.
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