. Handbook of birds of the western United States including the great plains, great basin, Pacific slope, and lower Rio Grande valley . ching from Labrador to Alaska. It is inhabited bythe wolverine, woodland caribou, moose, great northern shrike, pinebullfinch, and white-winged crossbill. 2 On Mt. Shasta its only treesare the black alpine hemlock and white-barked pine, its character-istic mammal is the cony {Ochotona), and its characteristic bird theClarke crow. It is also frequented by the sooty grouse, westerngoshawk, Williamson sapsucker, rufous hummingbird, Oregon jay,pine siskin, junco, A
. Handbook of birds of the western United States including the great plains, great basin, Pacific slope, and lower Rio Grande valley . ching from Labrador to Alaska. It is inhabited bythe wolverine, woodland caribou, moose, great northern shrike, pinebullfinch, and white-winged crossbill. 2 On Mt. Shasta its only treesare the black alpine hemlock and white-barked pine, its character-istic mammal is the cony {Ochotona), and its characteristic bird theClarke crow. It is also frequented by the sooty grouse, westerngoshawk, Williamson sapsucker, rufous hummingbird, Oregon jay,pine siskin, junco, Audubon and hermit warblers, creeper, red-breasted nuthatch, kinglets, and solitaire.^ ^ Merriams Laws of Temperature Contiol of the Geographic Distribution oif Ter-restrial Animals and Plants, National Geographic Magazine, vi. 229-238. 2 Merriam, C. Hart, Life Zones and Crop Zones of the United States, Bull. No. 10,Biological Survey ; Geographic Distribution of Animals and Plants in North America,Yearbook of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1894. 3 Merriam, C. Hart, North American Fauna, No. 16, Result of a Biological Survey. The clotted parts of the Sonot an Zonei east ^^^ %^ ^ ^%^/ ^^of the Great Plains indicate the vjestern limit ^fcx^^^ ^\ ^^^^ ^^ of the huimd divisions ot thete Zones, m^^^^ t,-.^5?S$jv J^S^^^^S^^^ LIFE ZONES BY C. HART MERRIAM INTRODUCTION xxxv The Canadian Zone comprises the southern or lower part of thegreat transcontinental coniferous forest. It is the zone of firs,spruces, and white pines, which on Mt. Shasta are represented bythe Shasta fir and the silver pine. One of its characteristic animalsis the mountain beaver, and it has also the porcupine, pine squirrel,bear, wild cat, wolf, and other mammals. It is the home of thecrossbill, Lincoln sparrow, and Arctic three-toed woodpecker, andfrequented by birds found in the Hudsonian zone, such as the sootygrouse, rufous hummingbird, siskin, juncos, warblers, kinglets, andsolitaire, together with a numb
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