A treatise on concrete, plain and reinforced : materials, construction, and design of concrete and reinforced concrete; 2nd ed. . lts can be attained with buckets so constructed that thematerial flows out through the bottom. A mass of concrete depositedunder water must be disturbed as little as possible, and in tipping a bucketthe material is apt to be stirred. Various buckets with bottom doors havebeen devised for opening automatically when the place for depositing isreached. In one type, used in 1900 at the Charlestown Navy Yard, theslackening of the rope released latches which fastened the
A treatise on concrete, plain and reinforced : materials, construction, and design of concrete and reinforced concrete; 2nd ed. . lts can be attained with buckets so constructed that thematerial flows out through the bottom. A mass of concrete depositedunder water must be disturbed as little as possible, and in tipping a bucketthe material is apt to be stirred. Various buckets with bottom doors havebeen devised for opening automatically when the place for depositing isreached. In one type, used in 1900 at the Charlestown Navy Yard, theslackening of the rope released latches which fastened the trap doors sothat they opened as soon as the bucket commenced to ascend. Anotherstyle, designed by Mr. John F. ORourke, is shown in Fig. 109. Thephotograph shows the bucket closed. When it reaches the bottom the *See article by Sanford E. Thompson, Engineering News, Oct. 17, 1901, p. 282. 3o6 A TREATISE ON CONCRETE handle slides down, allowing the doors to swing open and the concrete todrop out in a single mass. The bail catches when it has dropped to thebottom, so that when hoisting the bucket the doors remain open. Covers. Fig. 109.—Bucket for Depositing Concrete. {See p. 305) prevent the water from rushing in at the top as the bucket is being loweredand the \-shaped bottom lessens the disturbance of the Concrete in Bags. Bags, varying from small paper or mus DEPOSITING CONCRETE 307 lin bags to jute sacks containing 100 tons,* have been employed in thepast for holding concrete together as it passed through the water. In somecases the concrete has been placed in the bags Mr. William Dyce Cay in building the breakwater at Aberdeen HarborEng., employed bags holding from 28 to 50 tons of concrete. A bagwas placed in the hopper bottom of a barge filled with concrete, and .sewedup as the barge was being warped to place. When the doors of the hopperwere released it fell into place. John C. Goodridges method§ of laying concrete under water, employedin 1887,
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