. North American trees : being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies . Trees. Iron wood 243 The leaves are alternate, ovate, obovate, or oblong-lanceolate, toothed, stalked and stipulate, the stipules falhng away soon after they unfold. The very small, imperfect staminate and pistillate flowers are borne in separate catkins on the same tree (monoecious), and open with or before the leaves. The staminate ones are in dense narrow drooping catkins, hke those of the Hornbeams, consisting only of severa
. North American trees : being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies . Trees. Iron wood 243 The leaves are alternate, ovate, obovate, or oblong-lanceolate, toothed, stalked and stipulate, the stipules falhng away soon after they unfold. The very small, imperfect staminate and pistillate flowers are borne in separate catkins on the same tree (monoecious), and open with or before the leaves. The staminate ones are in dense narrow drooping catkins, hke those of the Hornbeams, consisting only of several stamens, each stamen 2-forked. The pistillate flowers are in short, erect catkins, 2 together on the base of each scale, each subtended and enclosed by a tubular hairy bract; there is a minute, toothed calyx crowning the ovary, a short style and 2 long narrow stigmas. In ripening the tubular bract becomes greatly enlarged, nerved, and bladder-like, loosely enclosing the ovoid, somewhat flattened nut, the mature catkins resembhng hops, whence the common name. The North American species may be distinguished as follows: Leaves long-pointed, 6 to 15 cm. long; fruit of many hollow bracts; eastern tree. i. O. virginiana. Leaves blunt or short-pointed, 5 cm. long or less; fruit of few hollow bracts; Arizona tree. 2. O. Knowltoni. I. IRONWOOD — Ostrya virginiana (Miller) Willdenow Carpinus virginiana Miller The Ironwood, or American hop hornbeam, occurs mostly in dry woods, ranging from Cape Breton island to northern Florida, west to Ontario, Minnesota, South Dakota, Kansas, and Texas; it is not common near the Atlantic coast south of New York. It attains a maximum height of about 20 meters, with a trunk up to 6 dm. thick. The bark is thin, hght brown, and flakes off in small plates. The branches are slender, the lower 'o°d- green on the upper surface, beneath pale green, somewhat hairy on the veins and with tufts of hairs in their axils; the leaf-stalks are 2 to 8 mm. long, the n
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