. Text book of vertebrate zoology. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative. canals) bearing nutrient vessels, etc. Arranged in layers con- centric to these canals or parallel to the surface of the bone are the cells, each occupying a space (lacuna) in the yi^ dense matrix. These cells are connected by fine, branching, proto- plasmic processes, which run in minute tubules (canaliculi) through the layers (lamellae) of the matrix. Both cartilage and bone are enveloped in a layer of fibrous con- nective tissue, called re- spectively perichondrium and periosteum. Many bones, as has just been said, pass t
. Text book of vertebrate zoology. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative. canals) bearing nutrient vessels, etc. Arranged in layers con- centric to these canals or parallel to the surface of the bone are the cells, each occupying a space (lacuna) in the yi^ dense matrix. These cells are connected by fine, branching, proto- plasmic processes, which run in minute tubules (canaliculi) through the layers (lamellae) of the matrix. Both cartilage and bone are enveloped in a layer of fibrous con- nective tissue, called re- spectively perichondrium and periosteum. Many bones, as has just been said, pass through a cartilage stage in their history, the gen- eral outlines being built up in that more yielding substance. Later the matrix is dissolved little by little, and is replaced by the lime salts, the cells (osteoblasts) becoming enclosed in the hardened sub- stance. Such bones are called cartilage bones. Other bones, however, have no cartilage stage, but arise from the calci- fication of the inter- cellular substance of membranes, and these are called membrane bones. In either case the process of ossification proceeds from fixed spots (centres of ossification) f 7^ uXrr^/^ Fig. 17. Bone. A, piece of a long bone showing the appearance under low power ia longitudinal and cross sections; B, a transverse- section of three lamellae surrounding an Haver- sian canal, from a slice of dried bone; c, bone- corpuscles ; en, canaliculi; h, Haversian canal %, I, Fig. 18. Development of membrane bone (mandible of pig). Around the (black) bone are numerous osteoblasts, some of which are included in the bony Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Kingsley, J. S. (John Sterling), 1854-1929. New York, H. Holt and Company
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