. Electric railway review . ars directly against the outer rail without trans-mitting to the leading driver the thrust due to its radialslip, the pressure against the rail of the leading steam loco-motive driver as in the condition (a) is greater at all corre-sponding speeds. The resultant shear on the spikes is less, ing the unbalanced outward thrust. Consequently at 60 milesper hour we have actual maximum shears with either steamor electric locomotives ranging from 4,440 pounds to 4,890pounds borne by two spikes, which with a factor of safetyof 4, are proper for shears of 7,620 pounds to 8,5
. Electric railway review . ars directly against the outer rail without trans-mitting to the leading driver the thrust due to its radialslip, the pressure against the rail of the leading steam loco-motive driver as in the condition (a) is greater at all corre-sponding speeds. The resultant shear on the spikes is less, ing the unbalanced outward thrust. Consequently at 60 milesper hour we have actual maximum shears with either steamor electric locomotives ranging from 4,440 pounds to 4,890pounds borne by two spikes, which with a factor of safetyof 4, are proper for shears of 7,620 pounds to 8,530 other words, the actual factor of safety is approximately conclusion, it appears that on the basis of the forwarddriver only bearing against the outer rail, the electric loco-motive imposes slightly greater unbalanced stresses than thesteam locomotive, whereas, on the basis of the two forwarddrivers bearing against the outer rail, the steam locomotiveimposes considerably greater unbalanced stresses. There-. OeX>MLrfSA/T t -Ifeer/c/n. CimtfMO H lfc/?T/Cfil Ci/W£ /OOO — - 04795% B/rSeor /P/r/i. 335 New York Central Woodlawn Wreck—Scene of Accident. however, with the steam locomotive due to the effect of itshigher center of gravity. Under this condition (b) with the electric locomotivethe shear on the spikes due to the guiding truck is in excessof that due to the drivers about 75 miles per hour. Onthe steam locomotive the shear on the spikes due to theguiding truck is in excess of that due to the drivers at allspeeds and this shear exceeds that of either the driving ortruck wheels of the electric locomotive up to 75 miles perhour. Regarding the stress on the outer spikes of the outsiderail, it will be seen from the accompanying tables that for aspeed of, say 60 miles per hour on a 3-degree curve with asuperelevation of 4% inches, the maximum shear on thespikes with the forward driver only bearing against the outerrail is 5,820 pounds for the electri
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