. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. SCROPHULARINEAE 193 Knuth (Kiel), all skg. or po-dvg., 2 bees (Apis mellifica L. 5, very freq., and Botnbus terrester L. 5 and 5, freq.), the hover-fly Syrphus ribesii L., and 4 medium- sized Muscids. Saunders (England), the parasitic bee Stelis phaeoptera K. 2122. V. spicata L. (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' pp. 49-50; Knuth, 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' pp. 111-13; Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation,' pp. 441-2, ' Alpenblumen,' p. 272, 'Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p.
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. SCROPHULARINEAE 193 Knuth (Kiel), all skg. or po-dvg., 2 bees (Apis mellifica L. 5, very freq., and Botnbus terrester L. 5 and 5, freq.), the hover-fly Syrphus ribesii L., and 4 medium- sized Muscids. Saunders (England), the parasitic bee Stelis phaeoptera K. 2122. V. spicata L. (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' pp. 49-50; Knuth, 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' pp. 111-13; Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation,' pp. 441-2, ' Alpenblumen,' p. 272, 'Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 33; Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. I, II, p. 326.)—Plants of this species brought by me from the island of Rom and cultivated in the Botanic Garden of the Kiel Ober-Realschule are markedly proto- gynous, and develop from below upwards, so that the lower ones have withered and set fruits before the uppermost ones have opened. Between buds and fruits there is always a zone about 2 cm. long of sexually mature flowers, so that all the stages of anthesis are to be found in the same spike. At the apex are buds (the uppermost still surrounded by the calyx), below which are successively to be found flowers in the female stage, others in the male stage, and finally those in which the sexual organs have withered and fruits are ripening. The stigma projects from the flower before it has fully opened, and the unripe anthers are still roofed over by the unexpanded upper lobes of the corolla. Expansion then takes place, until the corolla attains a breadth of 8 mm.; the stamens project for. Fig. agS. Veronica spicata, L. (after Henn. Miiller). (i) Flower shortly before the dehiscence of the anthers (a); the stigma (3) is still immatare, and the stamens project far beyond its upper, lower, and lateral petals (tf, «, and s). (2) Do., rather more expanded, seen from the side. (3) Do., after the anthers have withered ; the stigma has matured, and is placed below and in front of the stamens
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