. Röntgen ray diagnosis and therapy . ope. ver, for instance, varying in a lesser degree than the other ele-ments in regard to the radiations of tubes of different vacua. An experienced operator is often able to estimate the degreeof the vacuum by simple inspection, the colour of the light, andits division, the mode of induction, the character of the noise ofthe apparatus in combination with minor signs being the indica-tions of quality. Still, as the wrinkled and shrivelled Eontgen hands of physi-cians (compare Fig. 245) show, who employ the method fre-quently, the danger of continuous exposu
. Röntgen ray diagnosis and therapy . ope. ver, for instance, varying in a lesser degree than the other ele-ments in regard to the radiations of tubes of different vacua. An experienced operator is often able to estimate the degreeof the vacuum by simple inspection, the colour of the light, andits division, the mode of induction, the character of the noise ofthe apparatus in combination with minor signs being the indica-tions of quality. Still, as the wrinkled and shrivelled Eontgen hands of physi-cians (compare Fig. 245) show, who employ the method fre-quently, the danger of continuous exposure is great. As empha-sized in Section III on Rontgen-Eay Therapy, even apparatuslike the ingenious chromoradiometer of Holzknecht, or the radio-chromometer of Benoit, or the ampoule osmo-regulateur of Vil- 26 THE RONTGEN RAYS lard, in their present shape, proved to have only a limited fieldof usefulness. As said above, men of great experience are able to estimate bythe general appearance of the light. But this is certainly not reli-. Fig. 12.—Controlling the Vacuum by tue Osteoscope during Exposure. able. With the Walter combination the degree of the vacuum canapproximately be estimated by the arrangement, but this is compli-cated and not favoured by the average practitioner. Instead of sacrificing the living extremity of physician orpatient, the author has suggested to utilize the skeleton. His osteo-scope will, in fact, be found to answer all practical Thebones of the forearm and hand are fastened to a sheet of paste-board or similar translucent material, by being inserted in theframe of a fluorescent screen it can be moved to and fro, so thatthe phalanges, the carpus, or elbow can be studied. To make theapparatus more compact, besides the hand only, the epiphysealends of the forearm may be utilized. When the hiatus betweenthe eminentia capitata and the radial head is distinctly shown,sufficient contrast can be expected on the plate (Fig. 11). 1 The osteoscope
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