. The ocean carrier; a history and analysis of the service and a discussion of the rates of ocean transportation . reight collectoror distributor for the railroad line. British opinion also bears out this privilege for a railroad company to runsteamers must be secured by special grant fromParliament, and such grants are bitterly opposedby shipping interests, because of the fear that theprivate vessel-owner might be driven from thebusiness, through the railroad steamers makingrates that would be ruinous to a competing com-pany that was an ocean carrier only. In thewords of an edi
. The ocean carrier; a history and analysis of the service and a discussion of the rates of ocean transportation . reight collectoror distributor for the railroad line. British opinion also bears out this privilege for a railroad company to runsteamers must be secured by special grant fromParliament, and such grants are bitterly opposedby shipping interests, because of the fear that theprivate vessel-owner might be driven from thebusiness, through the railroad steamers makingrates that would be ruinous to a competing com-pany that was an ocean carrier only. In thewords of an editorial in Fair play ^: It is wellknown that these steamers [belonging to therailroad companies] generally run at a loss, butthe accounts of the steamers are merged in thegeneral accounts of the companies and the steam-ers are supposed to make up as feeders for thelines what money is lost on their own making. > An amount several times as great as that employed inthe European commerce of the British colonies two centuriesago, and it is also about six times as efficient per ton. 2 See September, 1901, p. ^ s Railway Steamship Lines 189 Three years later an editorial in Lloyds Gazette ^stated that there seemed to be an attempt tomake them more profitable. But this can scarcelybe general. A recent British Government report ( 210, Foreign Merchant Shipping, London,1905), discussing the fact that the Great CentralRailway Company runs steamers from Grimsbyto Hamburg and carries emigrants pursuant to allthe expensive regulations of the German law,says that this practice is rendered profitablesolely owing to the fact that this company is ableto carry the emigrants through England on itsown railroad lines to the port of embarkationfor their transatlantic destinations. The building of terminal facilities is a neces-sary part of the connection between railroads andships. It might apparently be undertaken byeither of these carriers, if they are merely makingan agreement, i
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