. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. SHOOTS 79 nation and seed-dispersal. It is necessary to call attention to certain peculiar features of this type of stem. 5G. Structures.—The joints of the stem do not spread apart, so that the peculiar leaves are kept close together, usually forming a rosette-like cluster (see Fig. 71). These leaves are of four kinds : the lowest (outermost) ones (indi- vidually sepals, collectively calyx) mostly resemble small foliage leaves ; the next higher (inner) set (individually^e/afc, collectively corolla) are usually the most conspicuous, delicate in tex
. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. SHOOTS 79 nation and seed-dispersal. It is necessary to call attention to certain peculiar features of this type of stem. 5G. Structures.—The joints of the stem do not spread apart, so that the peculiar leaves are kept close together, usually forming a rosette-like cluster (see Fig. 71). These leaves are of four kinds : the lowest (outermost) ones (indi- vidually sepals, collectively calyx) mostly resemble small foliage leaves ; the next higher (inner) set (individually^e/afc, collectively corolla) are usually the most conspicuous, delicate in texture and brightly col- ored ; the third set (stamens) produces the pollen ; the highest (innermost) set (car- pels) form the pistil and pro- duce the ovules, which are to become seeds. These four sets may not all be present in the same flower ; the members of the same set may be more or less blended with one another, forming tubes, urns, etc. (see Figs. 72, 73, 74) ; or the dif- ferent members may be modi- fied in the greatest variety of ways. Another peculiarity of this type of stem is that when the. Fig. 72. A group of flowers of the rose family. The one at the top (Poten- tilla) shows three broad sepals, much smaller petals alternating with them, a group of stamens, and a large receptacle bearing numer- ous small carpels. The central one {Alcliemitta) shows the tips of two small sepals, three larger petals united below, stamens arising from the rim of the urn, and a single pe- culiar pistil. The lowest flower (the common apple) shows the sepals, petals, stamens, and three styles, all arising from the ovary part of the pistil.—After Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Coulter, John Merle, 1851-1928. New York, D. Appleton and Company
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