. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. PREHISTORIC NAVAL ARCHITECTURE. 543 lying a stratum of clay of (! inches thickness in which Aveie found a human jaw bone, a ferule-shaped hone, (which, according to Dr. John F^vans, mucii resembles some object from the Swiss lake dwellings) a stone celt, some rude pottery, aiul Ixmes of deer, ox, sheep, and dog. Above the road is 3 feet of dark gray alluvial clay, containing frag- ments and remains of sedges and fresh-wat<'r ])lants, and
. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. PREHISTORIC NAVAL ARCHITECTURE. 543 lying a stratum of clay of (! inches thickness in which Aveie found a human jaw bone, a ferule-shaped hone, (which, according to Dr. John F^vans, mucii resembles some object from the Swiss lake dwellings) a stone celt, some rude pottery, aiul Ixmes of deer, ox, sheep, and dog. Above the road is 3 feet of dark gray alluvial clay, containing frag- ments and remains of sedges and fresh-wat<'r ])lants, and underlying U feet of brown alluvial clay and 1 foot of peat and snrface soil. About 120 yards north of this causeway, lying at au angle of 53 degrees and 90 yards south of the junction of the old Ancholme Iviver with the New Ancholme N^avigation (Fig. 39), a unique structure was f(»und, consisting of a RafV (Plate LXX) buried 2i feet below the present kn el at the fore end, and 3i feet at the aft end, having a length of 40 feet, by 'o^ feet at the fore end and ~)h feet at the aft end. Fig. ^9. LdCATIOX OF IvAKT. The level bottom consists of live boards tapering at the ends and representing the heart wood of trees split in the middle, with the re- mainder cut down but leaving the cleats in the solid at intervals in ]»arallel roAvs. The cleats at the extreme ends were finished flush Avitli the planks and all were provided Avith mortised holes to receive trans- verse or tie bars, consisting of rough branches of trees. Ten such tie- bars ])assing thrcmgh the holes were secured by wedges driven in at the sides of the raft and also in the middle row of cleats to keep the framing taut. The joints were caulked witli nu»ss and the sides of each plaidc were ]>ierced with three-eighths-inch holes, 2 to 3 inches apart, and the ' A description <»f an aucieiit raft recently found by Mevssrs. Judge and Cole, in a field adjoining the brickyard, in their occupation, belonging to the
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