Human physiology : designed for colleges and the higher classes in schools and for general reading . lled with a gelatinous arrangement, which securesvery great flexibility of the spinalcolumn, you can examine at anytime when you have fish on thetable. The long spinous processesmake the broad frame-work of the spinal column of a , to which its muscles are attached. In reptiles there is still greater flexibility of thespine than in fishes. This is secured in two ways, by thegreat number of the vertebrae, and by a peculiar arrangementof them. There are three hundred and fou
Human physiology : designed for colleges and the higher classes in schools and for general reading . lled with a gelatinous arrangement, which securesvery great flexibility of the spinalcolumn, you can examine at anytime when you have fish on thetable. The long spinous processesmake the broad frame-work of the spinal column of a , to which its muscles are attached. In reptiles there is still greater flexibility of thespine than in fishes. This is secured in two ways, by thegreat number of the vertebrae, and by a peculiar arrangementof them. There are three hundred and four vertebrae in theboa constrictor, over three hundred in the common ringedsnake, and over two hundred in the rattle-snake. The articu-lations of the vertebrae in reptiles are with a ball and socketarrangement. The forward part of each vertebra has a deepcup-like depression, in which plays a round smooth ball fromthe back part of the next vertebra. And as these joints arefirmly bound together by ligaments, the spinal column is verystrou- as well as flexible. In the gracefully flexible neck of the. 190 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGT. Arrangement of collar-bone, shoulder-blade, and breastbone. giraffe we have the same ball and socket articulations of thevertebrae. 290. The framework of the chest I have already describedsufficiently in the chapter on Respiration. The breastbone,which is flat and of simple form in man, is much larger andless simple in its form in some animals. In birds it is not onlybroader, but it has a keel-shaped projection for the attachmentof the large muscles used in flight. The clavicle, g, Fig. 86 (socalled from its resemblance to a key,) and commonly calledthe collar-bone, is attached at one end to the top of the breast-bone, and at the other unites with a process of the scapula, orshoulder-blade at the top of the shoulder, joint. It is a prop tothe shoulder, pressing it outward ; and accordingly it if-large inthose animals, the movements of whose superior extremitiesten
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Keywords: ., bookauthorhookerwo, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1850, bookyear1854
