. Foundations of Botany. Botany. CHAPTER X LEAF ARRANGEMENT FOR EXPOSURE TO SUN AND AIR; MOVEMENTS OF LEAVES AND SHOOTS 149. Leaf — As has been learned from the study of the leafy twigs examined, leaves are quite generally arranged so as to secure the best possible ex- posure to the sun and air. This, in the vertical shoots of the elm, the oak (Fig. 105), the apple, beech, and other alternate-leaved trees, is not inconsistent with their spiral arrangement of the leaves. Fig. 105. — Leaf Arrangement of the Oak. b:. around the stem. In horizon- tal twigs and branches of the elm, th
. Foundations of Botany. Botany. CHAPTER X LEAF ARRANGEMENT FOR EXPOSURE TO SUN AND AIR; MOVEMENTS OF LEAVES AND SHOOTS 149. Leaf — As has been learned from the study of the leafy twigs examined, leaves are quite generally arranged so as to secure the best possible ex- posure to the sun and air. This, in the vertical shoots of the elm, the oak (Fig. 105), the apple, beech, and other alternate-leaved trees, is not inconsistent with their spiral arrangement of the leaves. Fig. 105. — Leaf Arrangement of the Oak. b:. around the stem. In horizon- tal twigs and branches of the elm, the beech (Fig. 106), the chestnut, the linden, and many other trees and shrubs, the desired effect is secured by the arrangement of all the leaves in two flat rows, one on each side of the Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bergen, Joseph Y. (Joseph Young), 1851-1917. Boston, Ginn & company
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