. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. SUGAR-CANE CULTURE FOR SIRUP PRODUCTION. 23 obliquely placed, straight, flat cutting bar or two horizontal disks, to cut through the ridge left at the time of barring off and to cut off the partly decayed upper ends of the old rootstocks. Suitable plates on the implement brush the loosened soil into the furrow at the sides and thus leave the tops of the shaved stubbles exposed. This removes from the rows all the weeds and most of the weed seeds and thus aids greatly in keeping the row clean during the early growth of t


. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. SUGAR-CANE CULTURE FOR SIRUP PRODUCTION. 23 obliquely placed, straight, flat cutting bar or two horizontal disks, to cut through the ridge left at the time of barring off and to cut off the partly decayed upper ends of the old rootstocks. Suitable plates on the implement brush the loosened soil into the furrow at the sides and thus leave the tops of the shaved stubbles exposed. This removes from the rows all the weeds and most of the weed seeds and thus aids greatly in keeping the row clean during the early growth of the crop. Later, and before the crop has made much progress in growth, it is advisable to loosen the soil with a special implement, the stubble digger. (Fig. 10.) Neither stubble shavers nor stubble diggers have been adopted to any notable extent in the sirup sections east of Louisiana. As to the implements for further cultivation, practice in the sirup sections differs widely from that of the large plantations of Louisiana and from that with other crops in the Northern and Western States. After the preparation of the land, nearly all the work is done with 1-mule implements, using a 1, 2, or 3 point single cultivator in the early cul- tivation (fig. 7, d and e to j) and sweeps for the later shallow cultiva- tion. To one accustomed to the 2- horse or larger implements used in other sections of the country (fig. 11), this farming with 1-mule im- plements seems like very inefficient utilization of farm labor. It has a partial justification, however, in the facts that the farms and fields are mostly small; that there are many short rows, especially where they are laid off along contour lines on the hill slopes; that no head- lands for turning around are provided; and, finally, that the wages of laborer and mule are nearly equal. When we consider, -however, that not uncommonly the operations of marking the rows, opening the furrows, distributing fertilizer, and covering the cane requ


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