. European and Japanese gardens; papers read before the American Institute of Architects .. . t over our own. Before his time there had been comparatively little varia-tion in the design of gardens. One work mimicked another,the same effects being reproduced with only slight changes tosuit the individual requirements or difficulties of the client orthe situation. No great underlying principles of design wererecognized, and no effort had been made to get outside ofthe work and look at it in a large way, objectively. Errorsand imperfections had constantly arisen from miscalculationsof foreshorte


. European and Japanese gardens; papers read before the American Institute of Architects .. . t over our own. Before his time there had been comparatively little varia-tion in the design of gardens. One work mimicked another,the same effects being reproduced with only slight changes tosuit the individual requirements or difficulties of the client orthe situation. No great underlying principles of design wererecognized, and no effort had been made to get outside ofthe work and look at it in a large way, objectively. Errorsand imperfections had constantly arisen from miscalculationsof foreshortening, the easiest of faults to make, and the mostdifficult to obviate, except by long and dearly bought experi-ence. A plan or birds-eye view, as everyone knows, may becharming, and yet the execution prove very disappointing,owing to just this awful difference in the foreshortening. Ifthis is true now, with numberless examples of landscape workfrom which to argue, on which to base ones judgment, howmuch greater must have been the difficulty in former times. French Gardening and Its Master. European and Japanese Garde NS That it was well-nigh insurmountable we know. But theinstinct of Le Notre for the peculiar beauty of gardens, unitedwith a clear imagination, enabled him to free himself, to aremarkable degree always, and in some instances absolutely,from the cruel hampering of conventional materials of study ;and at Versailles, probably his finest work, certainly the finestthat has been preserved to our day, his spirit seems to haverisen entirely superior to ordinary limitations, and has pro-


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectgardens, bookyear1902