. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER April 5,1917 PREVENTION OF THE EROSION OF FARM LANDS BY TERRACING. By C. E. Ram SEE, Drainage Engineer. CONTENTS. Introduction 1 Jorms of erosion 2 Methods of preventing erosion 3 Deep tillage and application of humus 3 Use of cover crops 4 Practice of level c^ulture 4 Pasturing and foresting 4 Underdraining 5 Use of hillside ditches 5 Terracing 5 Definition and classification of terraces 6 The bench terrace 7 The level-ridge terrace 10 The narrow-base form 10 The broad-base form 12
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER April 5,1917 PREVENTION OF THE EROSION OF FARM LANDS BY TERRACING. By C. E. Ram SEE, Drainage Engineer. CONTENTS. Introduction 1 Jorms of erosion 2 Methods of preventing erosion 3 Deep tillage and application of humus 3 Use of cover crops 4 Practice of level c^ulture 4 Pasturing and foresting 4 Underdraining 5 Use of hillside ditches 5 Terracing 5 Definition and classification of terraces 6 The bench terrace 7 The level-ridge terrace 10 The narrow-base form 10 The broad-base form 12 General discussion 18 Terracing—Continued. The graded-ridge terrace 21 The narrow-tiase form 21 The broad-base form 22 Terraces with uniform grade 24 Terraces with variable grade 27 Outlets 28 General discussion 29 Comparison of terrace types 30 Laying off a terrace system 32 Construction of terraces 35 Maintenance and cultivation of terraces 37 Reclamation of gulUed lands 38 Summary 38 INTRODUCTION. The existence of vast areas of so-called worn-out hill lands throughout the United States may be attributed chiefly to soil erosion, due to the natural agencies of wind, frost, and rain. In most lo- calities wind and frost, owing to their comparatively slow processes, play but a minor part in the depletion of the soil and the ultimate destruction of good farm lands. It is the failure of the soil to absorb the rain water which falls upon it that presents by far the most serious aspect of the problem. It is estimated ^ that the Poto- mac Kiver each year carries off in solution about 400 pounds of solid ^ Bulletin 17, North Carolina Geological and Economic Survey, p. 21. Note.—This bulletin treats of terracing as a means of preventing erosion of hillside land. It describes the different types of terraces and points out the applicability of each to the various kinds of soil and topography. It discusses the principles of terrace design. While the investigations upon which the recom
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