. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . he ladle, the alloy was shoveled in; the heatwas then held in the ladle for three minutes before pouring the ingots. In thiscase also the third ingot of the heat was cooled in an upright position and cutthrough longitudinally. An analysis of the ferrotitanium gave: Per cent. Carbon Titanium Iron Silicon Manganese Calcium trace Photographs of the ordinary and titanium ingots are shown in Fig. noticeable feature is the increased
. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . he ladle, the alloy was shoveled in; the heatwas then held in the ladle for three minutes before pouring the ingots. In thiscase also the third ingot of the heat was cooled in an upright position and cutthrough longitudinally. An analysis of the ferrotitanium gave: Per cent. Carbon Titanium Iron Silicon Manganese Calcium trace Photographs of the ordinary and titanium ingots are shown in Fig. noticeable feature is the increased soundness of the titanium steel, due tothe concentration of the blowholes in the pipe cavity. * The Influence of Titanium on Segregation in Bessemer Rail Steel, G. B. Waterhouse, Proceed-ings American Society for Testing Materials, Vol. X, 1910, p. 201. 406 STEEL RAILS The analyses of the ladle tests from the two heats were as follows: Carbon. Sulphur. Phosphorus. Silicon. Manganese. Ordinary steel Titanium steel Per Per cent. Per cent. Per Per cent. W^ 3 v: N! m «. teel. Titanium Steel. Fig. 285. — Ordinary Steel Ingot and Titanium Steel Ingot. (Am. Soc. for Testing Materials.) No trace of titanium could be found in the latter steel, so that it is not,strictly speaking, a titanium steel, but will be called so for the purpose of dis-tinction. In the accompanying diagrams, Figs. 286 to 291 inclusive, are shownthe results obtained from determinations for sulphur, phosphorus, and if-inch drill was used, and drillings were taken to a depth of f inch. The INFLUENCE OF DETAIL OF MANUFACTURE 407 diagrams are drawn to scale, so that the location of the drillings can be readilyseen. The methods used were the same for all the samples and all the deter-minations were made by one man. The results are briefly considered in segregates the most. In the ordinary steel it has risen from .098per cent in the l
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