. Bulletin. Ethnology. hewettl antiquities of the jemez plateau 33 11. Ruins of the Chama Drainage The Rio Chania enters the Rio Grande near tlie Mexican village of Chamita, about a mile west of the Indian village of San Juan. It forms the main watershed for all that portion of northern New Mexico which lies between the Rio Grande and the continental divide. In this bulletin it is necessary to deal with only the lowest 100 miles of its course—that is, the portion which traverses the Jemez plateau. Strictly speaking, the Rio Chama has no valley on the south side. From its mouth to above Abiquiu
. Bulletin. Ethnology. hewettl antiquities of the jemez plateau 33 11. Ruins of the Chama Drainage The Rio Chania enters the Rio Grande near tlie Mexican village of Chamita, about a mile west of the Indian village of San Juan. It forms the main watershed for all that portion of northern New Mexico which lies between the Rio Grande and the continental divide. In this bulletin it is necessary to deal with only the lowest 100 miles of its course—that is, the portion which traverses the Jemez plateau. Strictly speaking, the Rio Chama has no valley on the south side. From its mouth to above Abiquiu it is closely bordered on the south by the great rim of the A^'olcanic plateau which rises abruptly to a height of from 200 to 1,000 feet, while on the north there is an open arid valley broken up by small isolated mesas in the form of truncated cones. Above Abiquiu the river flows for many miles through a picturesque gorge. The country on both sides is rough and broken, that above the mouth of the Gallinas being in the nature of "bad lands". (PI. XI, a, h.) The entire area is rich in archeological remains. Above Abiquiu are both cliff-dwelling and pueblo ruins, stone being the only building material used. From Abiquiu down, pueblos onh" are found. These were quite numerous, in most cases of great extent and all built of adobe with rubble used in the r- ,r ^ , , «t,"m " Fig. 16.—Ground phtn of Poihiiii:nge. foundations. With the excep- tion of those at Abiquiu and Chamita, all these are prehistoric. In describing the antiquities of this watershed, it will be convenient to consider first, the plateau ruins on the south side of the Chama between the Rio Grande and Pedernal peak; second, the valley ruins north of the river up to Abiquiu; third, the ruins above Abiquiu. A succession of large pueblos occupied commanding sites on the northern rim of the plateau overlooking the Chama. These will be. described in the order of their occurrence ascending th
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