Chemistry of pulp and paper making . cked in large sheds which are rented cheaply,thus securing less costly and more satisfactory grading. The grades of rags differ in different countries and varyfrom time to time. Among those listed in current trade jour-nals are the following, which may be taken as generally char-acteristic. Domestic Foreign No. I New white shirt cuttings New white cuttings No. 2 New white shirt cuttings Unbleached cottons Fancy new shirt cuttings Light flannelettes New blue cottons New mixed cuttings New mixed cottons New dark cuttings New black cottons White linens, Nos. i
Chemistry of pulp and paper making . cked in large sheds which are rented cheaply,thus securing less costly and more satisfactory grading. The grades of rags differ in different countries and varyfrom time to time. Among those listed in current trade jour-nals are the following, which may be taken as generally char-acteristic. Domestic Foreign No. I New white shirt cuttings New white cuttings No. 2 New white shirt cuttings Unbleached cottons Fancy new shirt cuttings Light flannelettes New blue cottons New mixed cuttings New mixed cottons New dark cuttings New black cottons White linens, Nos. i, 2, 3, 4 New light second cottons Old extra light prints No. I Whites Ordinary light prints No. 2 Whites Medium Ught prints House standard whites Dutch blue cottons Soiled standard whites German blue cottons Thirds and blues German blue hnens Black stockings Checks and blues Dark cottons The moisture in baled rags as received at the mill has beenfound from a long series of tests to vary from 7 to 16 per cent 68 TREATMENT OF RAGS 69. 7© RAGS, ESPARTO, STRAW, BAMBOO with an average of about lo per cent. While rags are neverpurchased on the basis of a definite percentage of moisture, as iswood pulp, they should be tested at intervals to see that they arenot intentionally wetted with the object of defrauding the buyer. The first process in the mechanical treatment of rags is gener-ally a dusting or thrashing. The bales are opened and theloosened-up rags thrown into the thrasher, which is usually arapidly revolving cyHnder covered with teeth or spikes enclosedin an outer cylindrical casing also fitted with teeth. There arevarious types of dusters but the object of all is to free the ragsfrom loose dirt and deliver them sufficiently clean for the nextoperation, which is that of sorting into the numerous arbitrarygrades maintained at the mill in question. This second grad-ing is desirable, because they are frequently very imperfectlysorted before baling as is shown by tests on seven
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