. Sea-shore life; the invertebrates of the New York coast. Marine animals. JMOLLUSKS ii: to tlie other. In the oysters and scallops tliere is but one adductor muscle, while in clams and mussels tliere are two. When the ad- ductor muscles relax, the hinge-cushion causes the valves to gape;. F7g^, 79.' Mnssels exposed at low tide. -\iiiiisi]uani, Mass. and this is the normal condition while the animal is immersed and feeding. When the tide goes out, however, or the creature is sud- deulv distnrlied the adductors contract, thus closing the valves. The shell is secreted by a membrane called the ma
. Sea-shore life; the invertebrates of the New York coast. Marine animals. JMOLLUSKS ii: to tlie other. In the oysters and scallops tliere is but one adductor muscle, while in clams and mussels tliere are two. When the ad- ductor muscles relax, the hinge-cushion causes the valves to gape;. F7g^, 79.' Mnssels exposed at low tide. -\iiiiisi]uani, Mass. and this is the normal condition while the animal is immersed and feeding. When the tide goes out, however, or the creature is sud- deulv distnrlied the adductors contract, thus closing the valves. The shell is secreted by a membrane called the mantle, that arises from the right and left sides of the mid-dorsal line antl extends downward as a sheet on lioth sides ofthel.)ody; the form of the sheet lieing similar to that of the shell it secretes. The outer edges of the mantle are thickened and are usually more or less fused, thus binding the two valves together al(.ing their edges. Def- initely placed o]ienings are, however, always found where the man- tle edges do not fuse. One or two of these are opposite the posterior end of the body of the animal, and allow water to pass in and out of the mantle-cavity, while another on the ventral side allows the foot to be thrust out. In the clams the openings for the admission and expulsion of water are separated and the mantle is here ex-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Mayor, Alfred Goldsborough, 1868-1922. New York, A. S. Barnes
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