. Bulletin . ning. Water sprouts have beenremoved and a general thinning-out pruning has been done over all the large branches. Eachbranch was pruned from top to bottom. Each side branch was thinned from tip end back to base. trees. If a grower is in doubt as to what to do, he should dependalmost entirely on thinning branches in the tops (see Figs. 16-17). Pruning- as Related to Planting Distance.—Trees planted be-tween the permanent ones to increase the production of fruit beforethey fully utilize the ground are known as filler trees. Such treesare given as light pruning as is consistent with
. Bulletin . ning. Water sprouts have beenremoved and a general thinning-out pruning has been done over all the large branches. Eachbranch was pruned from top to bottom. Each side branch was thinned from tip end back to base. trees. If a grower is in doubt as to what to do, he should dependalmost entirely on thinning branches in the tops (see Figs. 16-17). Pruning- as Related to Planting Distance.—Trees planted be-tween the permanent ones to increase the production of fruit beforethey fully utilize the ground are known as filler trees. Such treesare given as light pruning as is consistent with good managementto encourage early and heavy production. As they begin to crowd,heavy cutting back of side branches is done only on the fillers, so 25 that the permanent trees develop symmetrically without the slight-est crowding at any time. Cutting-back pruning can be increasedin severity on the fillers, flattening them until such time as thepermanent trees need all the room. Then the fillers are ^^-y-tifc ?«< Fig. 16.—An old apple tree in need of rejuvenation. Tree is filled withmatted fruiting branches and the center is choked with a dense accumu-lation of old water sprouts. Some tall branches in the top need shortening.(Courtesy United Statrs Department of Agriculture.) Frequently, orchards of mature trees are found where theplanting distance was too small. Trees have become crowded. Sidebranches interlace. Most of the vigorous growth is in the tops ofthe trees. The first problem here is to do something to get abund- 26 ant sunlight on all sides of the best trees. Sometimes cutting outthe diagonal rows to stagger the trees relieves the situation. Atany rate, devise the best method of cutting out so that the remain-ing trees have plenty of space around them.
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