The modern world, from Charlemagne to the present time; with a preliminary survey of ancient times . ned in previous chapters. Of great value and authorityare the respective articles in the Cath. Encycl., especially those onSpain and Belgium, An interesting little work on modern Switzerlandis Virginia Crawfords Switzerland of To-day. PART X. SIAV EUROPE CHAPTER LXI RUSSIA A. Growth and Population 830. Growth. — Russias destruction of Napoleons GrandArmy, in 1813, changed the fate of Europe and revealed herown tremendous growth of this vast,aggressive, semi-Orientalstate upon the edge
The modern world, from Charlemagne to the present time; with a preliminary survey of ancient times . ned in previous chapters. Of great value and authorityare the respective articles in the Cath. Encycl., especially those onSpain and Belgium, An interesting little work on modern Switzerlandis Virginia Crawfords Switzerland of To-day. PART X. SIAV EUROPE CHAPTER LXI RUSSIA A. Growth and Population 830. Growth. — Russias destruction of Napoleons GrandArmy, in 1813, changed the fate of Europe and revealed herown tremendous growth of this vast,aggressive, semi-Orientalstate upon the edge ofWestern Europe creatednew problems for all Western peoples. In the fifteenth century(§ 214), the Russians heldonly a part of what isnow South Central Rus-sia, nowhere touching anavigable sea. Expan-sion, since then, has comepartly by colonization,partly by war. a. Until the time ofPeter the Great, the ad-vance was made almostwholly by the ceaselessmovement of pioneers intothe savage wilderness north and east. Like swarming hives,Russian villages along the frontier sent forward bands of 799. Church of the Archangel, Moscow.—With the tower of Ivan the Great andthe Great Bell. 800 RUSSIA [§830 people, each band to advance a little way and form a new village,driving out or absorbing the Tartar barbarians. On the eastmuch of the advance was made by another kind of frontiersmen,called Cossacks. The Cossacks lived partly by agriculture,partly by grazing, and often they waged war on their ownaccount against Turks and Tartars, somewhat as our earlyAmerican frontiersmen won Kentucky from the Indians andTexas from Mexico. As early as thfe time of Ivan the Terrible(§ 487) a Cossack horde seized part of Siberia. b. The most important additions by war come under fiveheads: (1) The Baltic Provinces from Sweden, by Peter the Great, about 1700 (§491). (2) Poland, by Catherine II, 1772-1793 (§§ 505, 506). (3) Finland from Sweden, in 1743 and 1814 (§§ 491, 615). (4) The provinces a
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