. Building and repairing railways ... : Forming one of the series of the volumes comprised in the Revised and enlarged edition of The science of railways, . e appearance giventhe structure, fine crushed stone is added andw^hen the forms are removed the mortar is washedout with brushes giving the structure the appear-ance of solid rock. Other methods of construction are adopted. STANDARDS OF CONSTRUCTION. 359 In Fig. 215v a different principle has been the object aimed at is to secure economyin construction by the use of concrete and at thesame time secure the advantages of a stone
. Building and repairing railways ... : Forming one of the series of the volumes comprised in the Revised and enlarged edition of The science of railways, . e appearance giventhe structure, fine crushed stone is added andw^hen the forms are removed the mortar is washedout with brushes giving the structure the appear-ance of solid rock. Other methods of construction are adopted. STANDARDS OF CONSTRUCTION. 359 In Fig. 215v a different principle has been the object aimed at is to secure economyin construction by the use of concrete and at thesame time secure the advantages of a stone attain this no steel rods were used in the archproper, and the concrete in the arch Avas laid incourses parallel with the axis of the arch, or inother words the concrete was laid in stringcourses, and each course allowed to set beforeanother course was laid against it. The spandreland spandrel filling were made of reinforced con-crete steel, the steel used being old rails tiedtogether with iron rods as shown in Fig. bridge consists of three 140 feet spans. is a view of the central span. 360 BUILDING AND BEPAIRING CHAPTER VII. CONSTRUCTING TRACK. When the work of the tracklaying force withthe track machine, as described in another chap-ter, is finished, the track is far from being com-pleted. The tracklaying force has left only themain line with such sidings as were necessary forhandling material and the construction of these sidings were temporary and de-signed only to meet the needs of constructionoperations; such will have to be abolished. An-other and smaller force follows the tracklayingforce, its mission being to complete the track(without the tracklaying machine) by laying therequired permanent sidings, passing tracks, housetracks, team tracks, private tracks, switches,cross-overs, derailing devices, guardrails, frogs,etc., and, if necessary, widening the gauge andmaking the necessary elevation of rails at curves,so that
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