. The biology of birds. Birds. ADAPTATIONS OF THE SKELETON 6i a grip of the ground or of the perch, and also abetting the leap into the air. But special adaptations are numerous. The toes of the Jacana are greatly elongated, well suited for walking on leaves in the water, and something of this is seen in the Water-hen. Two of the toes of the cuckoo are. T5 'riTV Fig. 12.—Comparison of bird's leg and ape's leg. f., femur; Fi., fibula, a mere splint in the bird, complete in the ape ; , tibio-tarsus in bird, , tibia plus the distal tarsals; T., tibia of ape ; , proximal tarsals of bir
. The biology of birds. Birds. ADAPTATIONS OF THE SKELETON 6i a grip of the ground or of the perch, and also abetting the leap into the air. But special adaptations are numerous. The toes of the Jacana are greatly elongated, well suited for walking on leaves in the water, and something of this is seen in the Water-hen. Two of the toes of the cuckoo are. T5 'riTV Fig. 12.—Comparison of bird's leg and ape's leg. f., femur; Fi., fibula, a mere splint in the bird, complete in the ape ; , tibio-tarsus in bird, , tibia plus the distal tarsals; T., tibia of ape ; , proximal tarsals of bird, fused on to the base of the tibia ; A. and c, astragalus and calcaneum in ape, the proximal tarsal; , the distal tarsals of the bird, fused on to the top of the three fused metatarsals, making the tarso- metatarsus, peculiar to birds ; T., in bird, the tarsal region, the meta- tarsal portion is represented solid black; , in the bird, the first metatarsal, free by itself; , the bird's toes; , in rhe ape, the distal tarsals ; , in the ape, the metatarsal of the big toe ; , the meta- tarsal of the little toe (5); p.^., patella or knee pan. turned forward and two backward, the better for gripping the perch. In the swift they are all turned forwards, which is well suited for clinging to the nest. In some old-fashioned birds, such as divers, there is a strong upward prominence, often about an inch long, rising above the upper end of the tibia at the knee-joint. It serves for the insertion of muscles and helps in the strong. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Thomson, J. Arthur (John Arthur), 1861-1933. New York : Macmillan
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, booksubjectbirds, bookyear1923
