A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . )rinciple upon which the Carolingiaushad once been called to power in place of the Merovingians; and in CHARLES THE FAT DEPOSED. 161 accordance with the same principle, the Carolingian family was nowdeprived of the authority which it was no longer competent to exer-cise. This was an act of self-preservation, by which the people triedto aveit the evil brouglit upon them by their kings. The precise manner in which this was carried out is unknoAvn tous. Apparently Charles the Fat was not formally deposed by a


A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . )rinciple upon which the Carolingiaushad once been called to power in place of the Merovingians; and in CHARLES THE FAT DEPOSED. 161 accordance with the same principle, the Carolingian family was nowdeprived of the authority which it was no longer competent to exer-cise. This was an act of self-preservation, by which the people triedto aveit the evil brouglit upon them by their kings. The precise manner in which this was carried out is unknoAvn tous. Apparently Charles the Fat was not formally deposed by an as-sembly of nobles convened for that purpose. Nor do we learn thatany formal election was held. It would rather seem that at soon as. iG. 41.— Epiftoile ill ihe siege of a city by Normans. Miniature from an Anglo-Saxon manuscript of tlie ninth century. (From Charless deposition was seen to be necessary, no doubt whatever wasfelt as to Avhat should next be done. Apparently the only per-son who AVas thought competent to supply the empires need wasAmulf of Carinthia, and he was therefore the only one who cameunder consideration as a candidate for the vacant throne. In theeastern marches he had proved a valiant defender of the boundaries,and had for some years reigned in actual independence. Arnulfwas welcomed by all when, in the summer of 887, he entered the VIU.—11 162 FALL OF THE CAROLINGIAN HOUSE. empire at the head of an army. His appearance on the scene wasall that was needed to consummate Charless deposition and his ownelevation to the throne. Charless illegitimate son, Bernhard, whomthe deposed monarch would so gladly have seen upon the throne,fared no better. It was not even considered necess


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