A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . of theirkingdom into a number of petty indepen-dent Mohammedan states, at endless strifeamong themselves. Under these favorableconditions Castile flourished greatly. Since1229 united definitely with Leon, it oncemore took the first place among the Chris-tian states of the j^eninsula. In 1236 Cor-dova, the city of the califs, was capturedby it; in 1243 Murcia, in 1248 Sevillepassed into its possession; in 1246 the ruler of Granada purchased from it leave for himself and hispeople to occupy the luxuriant val
A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . of theirkingdom into a number of petty indepen-dent Mohammedan states, at endless strifeamong themselves. Under these favorableconditions Castile flourished greatly. Since1229 united definitely with Leon, it oncemore took the first place among the Chris-tian states of the j^eninsula. In 1236 Cor-dova, the city of the califs, was capturedby it; in 1243 Murcia, in 1248 Sevillepassed into its possession; in 1246 the ruler of Granada purchased from it leave for himself and hispeople to occupy the luxuriant vale of the Xenil, on the sunny-slopes of the Sierra Nevada, a region endowed by nature with ex-uberant fertility, which they, through artificial irrigation and un-wearied industry, converted into oiie great garden. Protected bythe situation from encroachments of the Christians, the relics of theMohammedans here founded a commonwealth, which, by the suc-cessful culture of art and science, recalled the most glorious daysof Islam. But the victors continued their conquests, so that by the. Fig. us. — Knight of theOrder of St. John. Ear-lier undress costume. 262 CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM, lir,0-1300. middle of the thirteenth century the Castilian territories reached tothe straits of (Tibraltar. In the eastern part of the peninsula theAragonese further extended their sway. In 1233 they made an endof the last remnants of Alinoravidian domination, and in 1238 sub-dued Valencia. Their king, James I. (1213-1276), rightly borethe name of Conqueror. During all this period of successfulconflict with the ^Mussulmans, the Spanish races, in spite of theircontinuous separation and occasional bitter quarrels, were graduallycoalescing into a nation, and developing those traits of character thatfind expression in the populace of Spain down to the present character was especially moulded by the fact that an almostunbroken war for their faith constituted the foremost element in thenational li
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