Afghanistan: Plaque with engraved girl playing a flute and a woman at the foot of a tree. Bagram, 1st-2nd century CE In the 320s BCE, Alexander the Great captured the city of Bagram and established a fortified colony named Alexandria of the Caucasus. The new town had brick walls reinforced with towers at the angles. The central street was bordered with shops and workshops. After his death in 323 BCE, the city passed to his general Seleucus, who traded it to the Mauryan Dynasty of India in 305 BCE.

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Photo credit: © Pictures From History / Alamy / Afripics
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