A history of the United States of America; its people and its institutions . iled. Onthe 3d, Lee made a desperate attack on the Union centre,hoping to break through Meades army at that i)oint. About one oclock he began a cannonade from one hun-dred and fifty pieces of artillery, and for two hours shotand shell were poured upon the Union lines. Then Gen-eral Pickett, with fifteen thousand men, marched againstMeades centre. Across the plain, a mile in width ^uarched ( THE CAMPAIGNS OF 1863. 385 that devoted band, with the steadiness of long hundred cannon tore gaps in their ranks. V
A history of the United States of America; its people and its institutions . iled. Onthe 3d, Lee made a desperate attack on the Union centre,hoping to break through Meades army at that i)oint. About one oclock he began a cannonade from one hun-dred and fifty pieces of artillery, and for two hours shotand shell were poured upon the Union lines. Then Gen-eral Pickett, with fifteen thousand men, marched againstMeades centre. Across the plain, a mile in width ^uarched ( THE CAMPAIGNS OF 1863. 385 that devoted band, with the steadiness of long hundred cannon tore gaps in their ranks. Volleys fromlong lines of infantry were poured upon them. No troopscould endure that terrible slaughter. They fell in front reached the Union lines, but only to yield as pris-oners of war. The remainder fled from the fatal desperate struggle was at an end. In the three daysfight Meade had lost twenty-three thousand men, Lee overtwenty thousand. The Retreat.—On July 4, Lees retreat began. His at-tempt to invade the North had proved a costly XiGHT Scene on the Retreat fbom Gettysburg. And the host of veterans he had lost could never be re-placed. He hastened to the Potomac, followed by Meadenarmy. The river was safely crossed and Virginia oncemore reached. Various strategic movements of the twoarmies took place during the remainder of the year, butthere were no conflicts of importance. 386 THE CIVIL WAR. Grants Expedition against Vicksburg-.—The openingof the Mississippi to the Union fleets was the task under-taken by Grant in 1863. The Confederates held the twostrong posts of Vicksburg and Port Hudson and the stretchof river between. Vicksburg was very strongly had been defeated in a direct attack upon attempted its capture from the north, but in then took a bold resolve. Cutting loose from his baseof supplies, he marched down the west side of the river,while the gun-boats and supply-ships ran past the batter
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