The encyclopædia britannica; a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information . lperiod the Tian-shan Mountains had a flora very like that of northernCaucasia, combining the characteristics of the flora of the EuropeanAlps and the flora of the Altai, while the prairies had a flora verymuch like that of the south Russian steppes. During the Stone Agethe human inhabitants lived in forests of maple, white beech andapple trees. But the gradual desiccation of the country resulted * For ampler information, see N A. Syevertsovs Vertical andHorizontal Distribution of Turkestan Animal
The encyclopædia britannica; a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information . lperiod the Tian-shan Mountains had a flora very like that of northernCaucasia, combining the characteristics of the flora of the EuropeanAlps and the flora of the Altai, while the prairies had a flora verymuch like that of the south Russian steppes. During the Stone Agethe human inhabitants lived in forests of maple, white beech andapple trees. But the gradual desiccation of the country resulted * For ampler information, see N A. Syevertsovs Vertical andHorizontal Distribution of Turkestan Animals, in Izvestia of theMoscow Soc of Amateurs of Nat-Science (1873), A. P Fedchenkos? Travels m Turkestan (vols, xi., xix,, xxi, xxiv and xxvi- of thesame ]:xeslia), forming a series of monographs by specialists whichdeal with separate divisions of the animal and vegetable kingdom{the flora by E A. Regel); Oshanins Zoo-Geographical Problems inTurkestan (Tashkent, 1880); G. E. Grum-Grshimailos Flora andFauna of Pamir. in Izz-cstiaoi Russ. Geog. Soc. (1S86); Works oj l)ieAral-Caspian TURKESTAN 421 in the immigration from the Central Asian plateau of such speciesas could adapt themselves to the dry climate and soil, in the dis-appearance of European and Altaic species from all the more aridpari£ of the region, in the survival ot steppe species, and in theadaptation ot many of the existing species to the needs of an aridand extreme climate and a saline soil. The Pamir vegetation andthat of the Aral-Caspian steppes constitute two types with numberlessintermediate gradations. There is no arboreal vegetation on the Pamir, except a few willowsand tamarisks along the rivers. Mountain and valley alike arecarpeted with soft grass, various species of Festtica the immediate vicinity of water the sedge (Ccrex physoides)grows, and sporadic patches of Allium. To these may be added alew Ranunculaccac, some Myosotis, the common Taraxacum, onespecies of Ckaniomilla, a
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectencyclo, bookyear1910
